5 Pillars

In the Sahih of Al-Bukhari, there’s been matter of the first time about the 5 basic principles in the Islam. These are them, confession of faith, prayer, Swam, poor due and pilgrimage. In the 10th century they had given each a name of the five pillars (arkan) of the Islam.

Narrated Ibn 'Omar: Allah's (SWT)  Apostle said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles):

1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Apostle.
2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly.
3. To pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity) .
4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca)
5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.

(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Book 2: Belief , Volume 1, Book 2, Number 7)
 

Shahadah: confession of faith: La ilaha illallah Mohammad Rasulallah: "There is no god but Allah , Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah"

Surah 3.Aal-E-Imran (The Family Of 'Imran), verse 85
"If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good)."

Salat: Prayer, 5 times a day (Dawn Prayer / Fadjr, Noon Prayer / Duhr, Afternoon Prayer / Asr, Sunset Prayer / Maghreb and the Night Prayer / Isha'a)

Surah 2.Al-Baqara (The Cow), verse 110
"And be steadfast in prayer and regular in charity: And whatever good ye send forth for your souls before you, ye shall find it with Allah: for Allah sees Well all that ye do."

Ramadan: Swam, fast during the month of Ramadan

Surah 2.Al-Baqara (The Cow), verse 183
"O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint,"

Zakat: poor due

Surah 9.At-Tawba (Repentance), verse 103
"Of their goods, take alms, that so thou mightiest purify and sanctify them; and pray on their behalf. Verily thy prayers are a source of security for them: And Allah is One Who heareth and knoweth."

Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca for these who can afford it

Surah 3.Aal-E-Imran (The Family Of 'Imran), verse 97
"In it are Signs Manifest; (for example), the Station of Abraham; whoever enters it attains security; Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah,- those who can afford the journey; but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures."